Astronomers Witness Star Getting Devoured By A Black Hole
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Stars that get too close to black holes usually end up getting sucked in by the strong gravitational forces of the dense space objects, from which no light can escape. Now, for the first time, researchers have been able to observe the cosmic phenomenon — nicknamed "spaghettification" because it pulls apart a star into thin "spaghetti-like" strands — in real-time.
"When an unlucky star wanders too close to a supermassive black hole in the center of a galaxy, the extreme gravitational pull of the black hole shreds the star into thin streams of material," said study co-author Dr. Thomas Wevers from the University of Cambridge.
The first indication that a star may be in trouble came in September 2019, when telescopes worldwide observed a bright blast of light near a well-known black hole, just 215 million light-years from Earth. Suspecting it was caused by a star being shredded, a team led by the University of Birmingham's Dr. Matt Nicholl, turned the powerful telescopes at the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in Chile towards the small patch of sky in the constellation of Eridanus, where the illumination had been seen.
Observations made over the next six months revealed that the star, which was roughly the same mass as our Sun, lost about half of its matter to the black hole. "In this case, the star was torn apart with about half of its mass feeding — or accreting — into a black hole of one million times the mass of the sun, and the other half was ejected outward," explained astronomer Edo Berger from the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
The researchers, who published their findings in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on October 12, 2020, say that catching the star's demise early in the cycle gave them an unprecedented view of the cosmic carnage. The event, categorized AT2019qiz, allowed researchers to finally witness the powerful forces that cause the simultaneous pull of the shredded star into the black hole and the outward explosion of its material.
"We could actually see the curtain of dust and debris being drawn up as the black hole launched a powerful outflow of material with velocities up to 10,000 km/s (22 million miles per hour)," explained Kate Alexander, a NASA Einstein Fellow at Northwestern University. "This is a unique 'peek behind the curtain' that provided the first opportunity to pinpoint the origin of the obscuring material and follow in real-time how it engulfs the black hole."
In addition to furthering our knowledge about a black hole's mysterious workings and how matter behaves in its extreme gravitational environment, the findings may, some day, also help intergalactic travelers from turning into space spaghetti!
Resources: Sciencealert.com, CNN.com, Space.com
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330 Comments
sinbadalmost 4 yearsWOW WICKED THAT WAS AWESOME!!
suprememememanalmost 4 yearsI watch all the documentaries about black holes on natural geographic but I have never read a story about a black hole it changes the hole way a look at them but not really but I think this article is amazing.
dhhuealmost 4 yearsreally cool
galaxyrose1434almost 4 years#1 read my name #2 this is awesome!
galaxyloveralmost 4 years#1 Read my name #2 This is awesome!
sophiamoonsingealmost 4 yearsthe space is so cool , i love this article
gaelxx101almost 4 yearsI like the animation
dramionealmost 4 yearsI just looked it up but the sun can't become a black hole because it is too small of a star. If a black hole were to come near the sun, the sun won't get sucked in because they have the same gravitational pull
dorischoualmost 4 yearsthank ya, cool!
k1ng_sndalmost 4 yearsthats a cool fact
reconalmost 4 yearsStatictaly that wont be true becasue, The gravity is being pulled and phsued makeing it so you would need about 6900,0000,00000,000 horse power to get out or have a chance to get out of a blac hole. Have a nice day
lolxdlolalmost 4 yearsThis was a huge bruh moment. Cool article.
koda_delhartalmost 4 yearsAmazing dude, like this is rad
